About Us

Prof Shankar Das
Prof. Shankar Das has been appointed as Interim Vice Chancellor of the Institute on 4 November, 2024, as an additional charge. He is also the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. He has over three decades of experience as a teacher, trainer, researcher, and human resources development practitioner in the field of health and development. His professional skills mainly include public health, health promotion, primary health care, and professional education. He has extensive experience working at the senior level with and within the Government, Public Sector, academia, and organizations at local, state, national, and international levels. He enjoys working in challenging social, political, and physical environments and can work in a multicultural and multi-disciplinary team. Prof. Das had the opportunity to work in some low and high-income countries, such as India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Norway, Finland, Japan, the UK, and the USA. Since 2008, he has been working as a Professor at the Centre for Health Policy, Planning and Management (CHPPM) in the School of Health System Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India. During the initial and formative years (2007 to 2014) of the CHPPM, he provided academic leadership and nurtured the centre as the Chairperson. He has initiated and developed collaboration with universities in the UK, USA, and Canada wherein he designed and delivered several academic programs including the Study India Programme (SIP) in Social Care Policy and Programme.
He was actively involved in developing the curriculum for several Post-Graduate and doctoral-level professional programs. He teaches various courses such as Global Public Health, Mental Health, Health and Social Care Policy, Leadership and Strategic Management in Health Care, Public Health Research, Community Health, Holistic Health Counselling, Complementary and Alternative Health Practices, etc. for the Master and M.Phil/Ph.D. programs. He is an avid yoga practitioner and a certified yoga educator. He has earned two PG Diplomas in Yoga Education and Yogic Therapy from an esteemed yoga institute. Prof. Das is a disciple of Late Satya Narayana Goenka Ji and is trained in Vipassanā meditation from his early years. He follows his teachings which emphasize the path of liberation that is scientific, non-sectarian, and universal.
He was invited by the World Health Organisation and the Ministry of Health, Union of Myanmar as a Consultant to advise on national capacity building and technical expertise for improving behavioural components of Health care delivery systems in Myanmar. As part of Human Resource Development initiatives, Unilever Bangladesh invited him to design and deliver a series of capacity-building programs for various healthcare professionals in therapeutic and health management. In the year 2009-2010, he was awarded the TISS-LSE Faculty Fellowship to pursue higher studies at the London School of Economics (LSE), UK, and to develop a Master in Public Health in Health Policy, Economics, and Finance at the TISS, India. He was selected as a Research Associate in the PSSU, at the London School of Economics, where he researched Ethnic Minority Patients’ Access to Mental Health Services in the United Kingdom. In the year 2011-2012, he was a Visiting Fellow at the London School of Economics (LSE) and worked on Mental Health, Long Term Care Policies in UK and India. He was invited as a Visiting Professor at the College of Medicine and College of Education and Social Care, University of Vermont, USA and to teach a summer course on Integrated and Holistic Health Practice for PG students. For several years he has also developed academic collaborations, and cultural exchange programs and worked with the a) University of Vermont, Burlington, USA, b) University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, c) University of Louisville, USA, d) Colombia University, USA, e) State University of New York, f) USA, Stony Brook University, NY, USA, g) London School of Economics (UK), h) University of Sterling (UK), i) University of Warwick, UK, j) University of Laval, Canada etc. In the year 2014, he completed the Post-Doctoral research training in chronic non-communicable disorders and diseases across the life span under the Fogarty Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in the Department of Public Health, University of Florida, USA.
Prof. Das worked as a Director of the International Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR-D), New Delhi until 11th November 2020.
He has widely published his works in reputed peer-reviewed journals and written chapters, and books on diverse areas such as public health, mental health, sustainable development, well-being, and prosperity. The focus of his work is evidence-informed policy and practice across the spectrum of public health issues and strategies
Projects:
- Current Psychosocial and Behavioural Perspectives of HIV Spectrum Disease, Ph.D. Study. From the Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai. Field Practicum at the AIDS Research and Control Centre (ARCON) – a collaborative programme of the University of Texas, USA and J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, India.
- Monitoring and Evaluation of Three NGOs in West Bengal. The project was funded by NACO (National AIDS Control Organization), GOI, India, in 2002.
- Bio-psycho-social Effects on Yoga Sadhakas. Project funded by Yoga Vidya Niketan, Mumbai, 2002.
- Situational Analysis of Orderlies: Hospital Based Study, Project funded by BYL Nair Hospital and T.N. Medical College, Bombay Municipal Corporation, Mumbai, India, 2003.
- Household Survey of Polio Affected Children in Banaskantha District, Gujarat. Project funded by Polio Foundation and Bhansali Trust, Ahmedabad, 2004.
- Cultural and Psychosocial Factors Affecting Induced Abortion in Rural and Urban Maharashtra. Project funded by Board of Research Studies, TISS, India, 2006.
- With Bharat S. (2007). Evolving Peer Treatment Education Approaches in the Networks of PLHA in India, Project funded by Population Foundation of India, New Delhi.
- Stigma, Discrimination and Mental Health Issues of People Living with HIV/AIDS in India: Implications for Policy and Programme, Support from the Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK, 2009.
- With Martin Knapp and Paul Macron (2009). Psychosis Amongst Black and Ethnic Minority Community in the United Kingdom, Project funded by Personal Social Service Research Unit, London School of Economics, UK, 2009.
- With Susan Rifkin (2010). Health Workforce Analysis, Accredited Social Health Activist, National Rural Health Mission, Government of India. Project funded by LSE-TISS Collaborative Programme.
- Mental Health of People Living with HIV/AIDS in India: Implication for Policy and Programme. Project funded by Indian Council of Medical Research, GOI, 2011.
- National Health System in Transition for India: Physical and Human Resources. Project funded by Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and World Health Organisation, 2014.
- Concurrent Evaluation of Mitanin (ASHA) Programme in the State of Chhattisgarh. Project funded by the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of Chhattisgarh and European Commission State Partnership Programme (ECSPP), 2015.
- World Justice Project. Rule of Law Index 2015 (Contributor). ISBN: 978-0-9882846-9-2, 978-0-9964094-0-7, Washington, DC.
- World Justice Project. Rule of Law Index 2016 (Contributor). ISBN: 978-0-9882846-0-6, 978-0-9882846-0-9, Washington, DC.
- With George Leibowitz (2016). HIV/AIDS and Mental Health in India, Stony Brook University, New York, USA (Book Writing Project).
- Contributor – World Justice Project. Rule of Law Index 2016 (Contributor). ISBN: 978-0-9882846-0-9, 978-0-9882846-1-6, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Co-Principal Investigator – The right time to talk about dementia: Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) Pathways to impact. The multi-country research study, separate PPI groups in Bangladesh, China, India and the United Kingdom, 2018-20.
- Independent Monitoring and Supervision of Primary Health Care Provisioning through Health and Wellness Centers in the State of Uttarakhand. National Health Mission, Uttarakhand Health and Family Welfare Society, 2023.
- Independent Monitoring for Performance Assessment in Sub Health Centres (SHC) and Primary Health Centres (PHC) in Uttarakhand, 2023.
Publications:
- With KM Pradeepta (2023). Indic Knowledge System for Improving Performance and Well-being of Learners: Transformational Education Practice. Theory and Practice of Social Case Work: An Indian Perspectives (In Press, Sage Publication), New Delhi.
- Das Shankar (2023). Indian Spirituality, Yoga and Meditation for Humanitarian Professionals: The Way Forward in ‘Theory and Practice of Social Case Work: An Indian perspective’, (In Press, Sage Publication), New Delhi.
- Tripathy T., Das Shankar et. al., (2023). Case Studies on Maternal and New-born Care among Recently Delivered Women of SC Community through the Role of ASHA in Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences, ISSN: 2663-2446 (Print) & Open Access.
- Rao G. and Shankar Das (2023). Reediness and Current Status of Non-Communicable Diseases Clinics in Andhra Pradesh, IJCMPH-8889.
- With Tripathy T, Shankar Das et. al., (2023). Poverty, Health, and Integration of Homoeopathy as a Dimension to End Extreme Poverty International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com ISSN: 2581-7922, Volume 6 Issue 5.
- With Tripathy T, Shankar Das et. al., (2023). Case Studies on State and District Level Stakeholders Perspective on Home Based New-born Care Program in Uttar Pradesh, India”. Journal: Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2415-6248 (Online) |ISSN 2415-6256 (Print). Publisher: Scholars Middle East Publishers, UAE, Volume: 8, Issue: 5, Page Number: 108-115. Date of Issue: 17-06-2023.
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et. al., (2023). Mental Disorders and Homoeopathic Healing Approach. (Original Research Paper) Volume 12, Issue 04, April 2023, Print ISSN No. 2277-8160, DOI: 10.36106/gjra.
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das (2023). Exercise, Diet, Homoeopathy- a Healing Triad of Resistant Hypertension. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN: 2617-4421 (Print) & ISSN: 2617-7188 (Online) Published by East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-6 | Issue-5 | May-2023 | DOI: 10.36349/easms. 2023.v06i05.001
- With Tripathy T, Shankar Das et. al., (2023). Exercise, Diet, Homoeopathy- a Healing Triad of Resistant Hypertension. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences. ISSN: 2617-4421 (Print) & ISSN: 2617-7188 (Online) Published by East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-6 | Issue-5 | May-2023 | DOI: 10.36349/easms. 2023.v06i05.001
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et. al., (2023). Homeopathic Approach in Thyroid Issues Induced by COVID-19. Saudi Journal of Medicine, ISSN 2518-3389 (Print) | ISSN 2518-3397 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et.al., (2023). A Quartet of Adolescent Health -WIFS, Diet, Menstrual Blood Loss, De-worm, and Homeopathy. Indian Journal of Research. Volume – 12, Issue – 04, April – 2023, Print ISSN No. 2250 – 1991 | DOI: 10.36106/paripex, Original Research Paper -Public Health.
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et.al., (2023). Homoeopathy in Nutritional Issues Induced by COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond, International Journal of Scientific Research. Volume – 12, Issue – 04, April – 2023, Print ISSN No. 2277 – 8179 | DOI: 10.36106/ijsr
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et.al., (2023). Dealing Fatty Liver Through HHH- ‘Homeopathy and Hepatic Health Care. SAR Journal of Medicine. ISSN 2707-773X (P), ISSN 2709-6920 (O) https://sarpublication.com/journal/sarjm/home. DOI: 10.36346/sarjm. 2023.v04i03.00
- Rao G, Das Shankar (2022). Factors affecting utilization of noncommunicable diseases clinics: effectiveness and role-efficacy. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2022; 9:2513-20.
- With Tripathy T., Shankar Das et.al., (2023). Biochemistry in Homoeopathic System of Medicine. SAR Journal of Medical Biochemistry, https://sarpublication.com/journal/ sarjmb/home ISSN 2707-7721 (P) ISSN 2709-6882 (O), DOI: 10.36346/sarjmb. 2023.v04i02.001
- Das Shankar, S. Swain, George S. Leibowitz and T. Tripathy (2022). Assessment of Depression in the Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research. ISSN:2277-7881; Vol. 11, Issue :1(5), January: 2022. DOI: http://ijmer.in.doi./ 2022/11.01.85
- Tripathy T., Shankar Das, Manjushree Kar, Lipipuspa Devata, Rakesh Dwivedi, and M. Gautam (2022). Homeopathic Oath, Complementary Medicine; Sch Int J Tradit Complement Med, ISSN 2616-8634 (Print) |ISSN 2617-3891 (Online); Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com, Review Article; DOI: 10.36348/sijtcm. 2022.v05i04.001.
- Tripathy T., Shankar Das, M. Kar (2022). Long COVID-19 & Homoeopathy, Saudi Journal of Medicine; ISSN 2518-3389 (Print) | ISSN 2518-3397 (Online); Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, UAE Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com, Review Article DOI: 10.36348/sjm. 2022.v07i01.014.
- With T. Tripathy, R. Dwivedi, M. Gautam, M. Kar (2021). Homeopathy against VOC of COVID-19- Omicron Strain, Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences, Volume-3, Issue-9, Dec 2021, Review Article; ISSN: 2663-2446 (Print) & Open Access; DOI: 10.36344/ccijmb. 2021.v03i09.003.
- With T. Tripathy & S.C. Tripathy (2021). Universal Health Coverage in India; Himalayan Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2(6) 23-24; Vol-2, Issue- 6 (Nov-Dec, 2021): 23-24. ISSN Print: 2709-362X/ISSN Online: 2709-3638.
- With T. Tripathy, A. Tripathy, R. Dwivedi, M. Gautam and S. C. Tripathy (2021). Homeopathy in Childhood Diarrhoea Management Program, Himalayan Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ISSN Print: 2709-3522 | ISSN Online: 2709-3530 Frequency: Bi-Monthly Language: Website: https://www.himjournals.com/journal/ hjcmph
- With T. Tripathy, D. R. Sahu, A. Tripathy, R. Dwivedi, M. Gautam, and S. C. Tripathy (2021). Discardation of First Breast Milk, Pre-lacteal Feeding of Neo-nates & Exclusive Breast Feeding of Infants among Recently Delivered Women of Uttar Pradesh, India; Chapter 8, in Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1; Print ISBN: 978-93-5547-029-4, eBook ISBN: 978-93-5547-036-2.
- With T. Tripathy (2021). Homeopathy in COVID-19- A Treatment Protocol for Second and Third Wave. Scholars International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 4(6): 86-90. ISSN 2616-8634, Scholars Middle East Publishers. https://saudijournals.com
- Gangadhar & Shankar Das (2021). Global Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases: Context for Actions, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, Volume 10, Issue: 8, August 2021 with ISSN: 2277-7881.
- Das Shankar & Julie Richards (2021). Psychosocial Effects and Public Health Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic in India in Origin and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Originating from SARS-COV-2 Infection Across the Globe, Francisco Veas (Eds), ISBN 978-1-83968-756-3, IntechOpen, London, UK.
- T. Tripathy & Shankar Das (2021). Benefits of Using of IEC Materials by ASHA During Home Visits to Disseminate New-born Care Messages in Uttar Pradesh, India. Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences, 3(4), 42-45, ISSN: 2663-2446 (Print) & Open Access.
- With Tripathy T., A. Tripathy R., Dwivedi R., & M. Gautam (2021). Capacity Building of ASHA at the Monthly Meeting Platforms IN PHC and CHC in Uttar Pradesh, India, Chapter 9, In Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 2, ISBN: 978-93-91215-74-3, eBook ISBN: 978-93-91215-79-8.
- Kodali PB, Das Shankar (2021). Acceptance of mHealth technologies among auxiliary nurse midwives in Andhra Pradesh, India: A mixed-method study. Medical Science, 2021, 25(111), 1052-1060.an Integrated Response, Outlook, October 19, 2020, Outlook-Initiative; RNI No. 7044/1961.
- Kodali, Prakash B. and Das Shankar (2021). Digital health technologies for universal health coverage: a promising change. Current Science, Volume 120, Number 4, 25th February 2021. Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
- Das Shankar (2020). Mental Health in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Need for
- Das Shankar (2020). Meeting Challenges of Suicide in the COVID-19 Era, Infocus, Magzter, The Week, Nov. 08, 2020.
- With Tripathy and Tripathy (2020). Bathing and Weighing of Neonates of Recently Delivered Women in Home Based New-born Care in Uttar Pradesh, India, Journal of Social Welfare and Management, Volume 12 Number 2, April–June 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jswm.0975.0231.12220.2 Original Article.
- With Tripathy, T (2020): Sickness of neonates of recently delivered women and their referral in Uttar Pradesh, India, International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ep;7(9):3427-3431.PISSN 2394-6032 eISSN 2394-6040 http://www.ijcmph.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203902.
- Das, Shankar (2020): Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 in India: The Challenges and Responses, Journal of Health Management, Sage Publication, August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0972063420935544.
- With Chaudhary, Monika; Sodani, P.R (2020): Effect of COVID -19 on Economy in India: Some Reflections for Policy and Programme, Journal of Health Management, Sage Publication, Volume: 22 issue: 2, page(s): 169-180 Article published online: August 11, 2020; Issue published: June 1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0972063420935541.
- With Savarkar T. (2019). Mental Health Problems among Street Children: The Case of India, Current Research Journal of Social Sciences journalofsocialsciences.org Vol. 02, No. (1) 2019, Pg. 39-46. An Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). At http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRJSSH.2.1.05.
- With K.S. Patil (2018). Disaster: Challenges, Responses and Management (Book), Discovery Publications, New Delhi, ISBN 93-8641-79-7.
- With Tripathy. T and Z. Ladak-Merchant (2017). Capacity Building of ASHA in the Monthly Meeting Platforms in Primary Health Centers and Community Health Centers in Uttar Pradesh, India Journal of Social Sciences. JSS, Volume 3, Issue 3, December 2017.
- Global Mental Health, Peace and Sustainability: Does Yoga Show the Way? Journal of Depression and Anxiety. ISSN: 2167-1044, Volume 6, Issue 4, 1000294. September 2017. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/global-mental-health-peace-and-sustainability-does-yoga-show-the-way-2167-1044-1000294.pdf.
- With K.R. Sharma. Assessment and Evaluation of Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife &, (ANM) schools in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Pages: 37-39 in Contemporary Issues in Educations (Eds) D. Balaramulu, R.M. Murthy, G. Balaji, S. Dasu P., First Edition 2017. Canadian Academic Publishing, Ontario, Canada. ISBN: 978-1-926488-49-3.
- Depression: Meeting the Future Global Health Challenge. Journal of Depression and Anxiety S1: 023. doi:10.4172/2167-1044.S1-023. December 2016 https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/depression-meeting-the-future-global-health-challenge-2167-1044-S1-023.pdf.
- Health Care System in India. In Christian Aspalter, Kenny T. Pribadi, Robin Gauld (Eds.). Health Care Systems in Developing Countries in Asia, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. https://www.routledge.com/Health-Care-Systems-in-Developing-Countries-in-Asia/Aspalter-Pribadi-Gauld/p/book/9781472483416.
- With K.R. Sharma. Analysis of Roles and Responsibilities of ANMs. The International Journal of Advancements in Research and Technology. Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015, Pages 2-39, (ISSN:2278-7763) (IJoART).
- With Thakare B. Utilization of Health Care Services among Rural Landless Agricultural Labourers in Buldhana District of Maharashtra, India. The International Journal of Scientific Research, Vol:4, Issue: 4 April 2015, Pages 475-478, (ISSN No. 2277-8179).
- With K.R. Sharma. A Performance Innovation Framework for the NRHM Mandated 2nd ANMs in Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Advanced Research (IJOAR.org), in Volume 3, Issue 3, Page 1-29, March 2015 Edition (ISSN 2320-9127).
- With K.R. Sharma, an exploratory analysis of the factors affecting the performance of additional MPHWs-F in undivided Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. Paper Published in IJSER Volume 6, Issue1, Pages 2172-2187, January 2015 Edition (ISSN 2229-5518).
- With K.R. Sharma, An antidote to the Mission Girl Child- The PC&PNDT Act. AMBER: ABBS Management Business and Entrepreneurship Review, Vol.5, Issue 2, Pages 106-115, April-September, 2014, ISSN: 0976-334.
- With Ashima Das and Ruth Kattumuri, Inclusive Education: A Contextual Working Model, Pages 230, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2013.
- With Ashima Das, George Leibowitz, Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in India. In Usha S. Nayar (Ed.). Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Pages 57-74, Sage, New Delhi 2012.
- With Usha S. Nayar, Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Contemporary India. In Usha S. Nayar (Ed.), Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Pages 337-350, Sage, New Delhi 2012.
- With Ashima Das, George S. Leibowitz “Terminal Illness: Emerging Issues and Alternatives in Health Care. In Surendra Singh (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Work in India, Volume 5, Pages 1527-1538, New Royal Books Co., 2012 (ISBN 978-93-80685-53-3).
- Counselling and Social Work Practice in India, In Surendra Singh (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Work in India, Volume 4, Pages 191-200, New Royal Books Co. 2012, (ISBN 978-93-80685-52-6).
- With G.S. Leibowitz “Mental Health Needs of People Living with HIV/AIDS in India”, AIDS Care, Pages 417-425, December 2010, (ISSN 0954-0121), http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09540121.2010.507752.
- With A. Das Differential Childhood (Invited Book), Pages 203, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2010, (ISBN 13-978-81-8069-670-1), http://www.conceptpub.com/bookdetail.php?id=1374.
- Working with Individuals in Urban Settings, Special Issue: Indian Journal of Social Work, Theoretical Perspectives Social Work Practice: Exploring Alternatives, Vol. 69, Issue 2, Pages 203-219, April 2008, (ISSN: 0019-5634). http://caseworkandcounselling-india.blogspot.com.
- Peer Treatment Education in the Networks of People Living with HIV/AIDS in India, Pages 92, Population Foundation of India, New Delhi, 2008.
- Families of Children with Special Needs: Perspectives for Intervention. National Journal of Professional Social Work. Combined Volume 3-8, No. 1-2, December 2007. pp. 5-20.
- Holistic Counselling for Health and Well-being. In H.L. Kaila and K. B. Kushal (Eds.). Towards Development with Young People, Mumbai: Himalayan Publishing House, 2003, Pages 160-177, (ISBN: 81-7866-518-2).
- Sexual Deviations: Who’s Distress? Council of Sex Education and Parenthood (International), News & Views, January – March 1997.
- Psychosocial Issues in Living with HIV/AIDS and the Art of Psychosocial Therapeutic Interventions, Published in XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, Canada 1996.
- The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among HIV Positive Individuals, published in the Tenth International Conference on AIDS/STD, Organized by WHO, International AIDS Society, Japanese Foundation, Yokohama, Japan 1994.
- With Nadkarni V.V., Social Work Response to Mental Illness and Mental Health. In: Mane P., Gandevia K.Y (Eds.), Mental Health in India, Issues & Concerns, TISS, 1993, Pages 70 –93.